Missing Number Treated as Zeroto Be Read Againrelax Beginsubfigure

latex

1. Presentation/Slides with Beamer
2. Drawing in LaTex With TikZ
3. Tracked changes and comments with todonotes
4. Latex
- four.1. classification in article
- 4.2. section without number
- iv.iii. folio break
- 4.4. defining a new surround
5. Installation
6. FAQ
- 6.1. Missing \endcsname inserted. …ll model every bit follows\cite{Øye1991dynamic}
- half-dozen.two. Paragraph ended earlier \T@ref was consummate.
- 6.3. Misplaced alignment tab character &. in thesis.bbl file
- 6.4. You have requested document class `Classes/CUEDthesisPSnPDF', but the document class provides `CUEDthesisPSnPDF'.
- 6.5. Latex vs MS give-and-take vs Markdown
vii. QMUL latex thesis template past harish bhanderi
- 7.1. Folio numbering
- seven.2. Certificate form
- 7.3. Using two page numbering styles in a single document
- vii.4. Nomenclature
8. Multi-file Latex Projects
9. Environments
- ix.1. Tabular array
10. commands
- 10.1. \renewcommand
- 10.2. \addcontentsline
11. TOC
- 11.1. Manually add nomenclature at ToC
12. Nomenclature, list of symbols
- 12.1. classification in Emacs
- 12.2. nomenclature in a multi-tex projection
  - 12.2.1. methods ane
- 12.3. Manuallly setting the championship
- 12.4. nomenclature in Texstudio
  - 12.4.ane. makeindex log
- 12.v. How to include List of Symbols entry in the ToC?
- 12.6. How to rename "Nomenclature" to "List of Symbols"?
- 12.7. There are some symbols that are used in different locations in the certificate and their meanings are dissimilar. How to duplicate the entry?
- 12.8. How to reduce line spacing on the nomenclature page?
13. style Files
- 13.1. class file .cls
14. Compiling
15. Chinese input
- fifteen.1. Fault
  - 15.one.one. File `ctexart.cls' non establish. \oddsidemargin
16. Images/Figure
- 16.1. refer multiple figures
- xvi.2. two figures side by side
  - 16.2.1. example 2
- sixteen.3. two figures next in latex
- xvi.4. Width, size
- 16.5. Positioning of Figure
  - sixteen.v.1. figures cross sections
- 16.6. A double cavalcade floating figure using ii subfigures.
- 16.7. Embed
- xvi.8. TikZ and PGF- Embed Graphic systems for TeX
  - 16.eight.ane. Tutorial
- 16.ix. Combining sub-figures to a unmarried figure for submission to journal
- 16.ten. embed image using tikz packet
17. Text Color
18. Version control system for LaTeX documents?
- 18.1.
- eighteen.2. SVN
- 18.3. Reference
nineteen. Table
- 19.1. fit width of table to text width
- xix.2. embed org-tables within of a latex document
twenty. Error log
- 20.ane. Not in outer par mode. \begin{effigy}[!htb]
- twenty.2. Pitiful, just pdflatex.exe did not succeed.
- twenty.iii. I constitute no \bibdata command
- 20.iv. Unsupported document class (or package) detected,(caption) usage of the caption package is not recommended.
- 20.5. Underfull \hbox (badness 1648) in paragraph
- twenty.6. There'southward no line here to end. \end{itemize} \newline
- twenty.7. Unknown graphics extension: .bmp
- twenty.8. Missing number, treated as nada. \begin{subfigure}{0.55\textwidth}
  - twenty.8.1. lawmaking
  - xx.8.ii. solution
- 20.9. Packet caption Error: The bundle option `caption=false' is obsolete. \caption@ProcessOptions*{caption}
21. Glossary
22. Editors
23. Syntax
- 23.1. annotate
- 23.2. Special characters
- 23.3. Spaces
- 23.four. Paragraphs and new lines
- 23.5. Line breaks and blank spaces
- 23.half-dozen. Emphasising text
24. indent size
25. Citation commendation
- 25.1. cite multiple reference
26. package vs course file
27. Packages
- 27.ane. cite
- 27.2. graphics
- 27.3. mdmath
- 27.4. array
28. Package error
- 28.1. Why should I put a*~* before \ref or \cite?
- 28.ii. Package subcaption Mistake: This parcel can't be used in cooperation(subcaption) with the subfigure package. \subcaption@CheckCompatibility
- 28.iii. Missing number, treated as nothing. \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\textwidth}
- 28.four. Illegal unit of measure (pt inserted). \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\textwidth}
29. Math
- 29.i. Underbrace
- 29.2. example
- 29.3. text in Eq.
- 29.4. equations
  - 29.4.1. unnumbered equation
- 29.five. volume and surface integral
30. Symbol
- 30.one. list of symbols
  - thirty.one.ane. vertical bar
- xxx.2. How to look up a symbol or identify a math symbol or character?
31. Bibliography
- 31.one. Cite an URL web folio
  - 31.one.1. BibTex
  - 31.1.2. BibLaTex
- 31.2. bibtex
- 31.3. technical report citation in bibtex
32. Macro
33. Templates for journal & Book
- 33.one. Springer book
- 33.two. figure and tables
- 33.3. IAENG example
- 33.4. reference
34. IAENG journal way
- 34.1. Appendix
- 34.2. table
  - 34.2.ane. case
- 34.3. Float packages
- 34.4. subfigures: i on top of another
- 34.5. Packages
  - 34.5.1. subfigure, subfig
35. Reference

1 Presentation/Slides with Beamer

two Drawing in LaTex With TikZ

three Tracked changes and comments with todonotes

4 Latex

4.one nomenclature in article

\usepackage{nomencl}

\makenomenclature http://web log.modelworks.ch/how-to-generate-nice-nomenclatures-in-latex/

file proper noun: classes/CUEDthesisPSnPDF.cls

% Nomenclature \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature \renewcommand\nomgroup[i]{%   \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{A}}{%    \item[\textbf{Roman Symbols}] }{%             A - Roman     \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{G}}{%      \particular[\textbf{Greek Symbols}]}{%             G - Greek       \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{R}}{%         \item[\textbf{Superscripts}]}{%              R - Superscripts           \ifthenelse{\equal{#one}{Due south}}{%            \item[\textbf{Subscripts}]}{{%             S - Subscripts         \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{Ten}}{%          \particular[\textbf{Other Symbols}]}{{%    X - Other Symbols         \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{Z}}{%          \item[\textbf{Acronyms}]}%              Z - Acronyms                         {{}}}}}}}}}}  \ifpdf

four.two section without number

\section*{name}

iv.3 page break

\clearpage \newpage

iv.4 defining a new surround

https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Environments

syntax:

\newenvironment{name}

To define a boxed environs:

\newenvironment{boxed} {\begin{center}     \brainstorm{tabular}{|p{0.9\textwidth}|}     \hline\\ } {    \\\\\hline     \end{tabular}    \end{center} }

To utilise boxed environmen

\begin{boxed} *bold text here* \end{boxed}

To create a environment named "abstract":

\newenvironment{abstruse}

%The abstract surround puts a large, bold, centered "Abstract" label at %the superlative of the page. The abstruse itself appears in a quote environment, %i.e. tabbed in at both sides, and on its own page. %%% tabbed???  \newenvironment{abstracts}  {\begin{alwayssingle} %\pagestyle{empty}   \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}   \begin{center}   \vspace*{1.5cm}   {\Big \bfseries  Abstract}   \end{heart}    \vspace{0.5cm}    \begin{quote}}  {\end{quote} \terminate{alwayssingle}}

{\Large \bfseries Abstruse} # make "Abstract" bold

quote: for a short quotation, or a series of small-scale quotes, separated by bare lines.

5 Installation

6 FAQ

6.one Missing \endcsname inserted. …ll model as follows\cite{Øye1991dynamic}

change Øye1991dynamic to Oye1991dynamic

The commendation/entry keys in your .bib file should not contain non-ASCII chars such as í if you utilise a non-Unicode engine.

6.ii Paragraph ended before \T@ref was complete.

extra { in the department

6.3 Misplaced alignment tab character &. in thesis.bbl file

6.4 You accept requested document class `Classes/CUEDthesisPSnPDF', but the document class provides `CUEDthesisPSnPDF'.

half dozen.five Latex vs MS word vs Markdown

LaTeX should be used as a document preparation system only in cases in which a document is heavily loaded with mathematical equations.

Markdown is a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers. Markdown allows y'all 3to write using an like shooting fish in a barrel-to-read, like shooting fish in a barrel-to-write plain text format, so convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML).

From http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/ An Efficiency Comparison of Document Preparation Systems Used in Academic Enquiry and Development

vii QMUL latex thesis template by harish bhanderi

writer: harish.bhanderi@cantab.net from:http://www.maths.qmul.air-conditioning.uk/~beheshti/PGR_Training#template southward.beheshti@qmul.air conditioning.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland

7.1 Page numbering

In books, is customary to apply Roman numerals for the pages before the start chapter/section, and Arabic numbers for the rest of the document. There are two commands available in the book document class that reach this:

7.2 Document class

vii.3 Using two page numbering styles in a single document

In books, is customary to use Roman numerals for the pages before the get-go chapter/section, and Arabic numbers for the rest of the document. At that place are 2 commands bachelor in the book document class that accomplish this:

\documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[english]{babel}   \pagenumbering{roman}   \begin{document} \tableofcontents   \section{First section} \setcounter{page}{3}   Some text here...   \department{Second section} Some more text here..   \section{Heading on Level i (section)} \pagenumbering{arabic}   More than text here... \end{document}  \pagenumbering{roman}     This control sets the page numbers to lowercase Roman numerals.   \setcounter{page}{3}     This will manually fix the page counter to 3 in this page, subsequent pages are numbered starting the count from this 1.   \pagenumbering{arabic}     The folio numbering is switched to Arabic, this will also restart the page counter.

7.4 Nomenclature

% Nomenclature \usepackage[intoc]{nomencl} \makenomenclature \renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{% \ifthenelse{={#1}{A}}{% \particular[\textbf{Roman Symbols}] }{% A - Roman \ifthenelse{={#ane}{G}}{% \item[\textbf{Greek Symbols}]}{% G - Greek \ifthenelse{={#1}{R}}{% \item[\textbf{Superscripts}]}{% R - Superscripts \ifthenelse{={#1}{Southward}}{% \item[\textbf{Subscripts}]}{{% S - Subscripts \ifthenelse{={#1}{X}}{% \item[\textbf{Other Symbols}]}{{% X - Other Symbols \ifthenelse{={#1}{Z}}{% \detail[\textbf{Acronyms}]}% Z - Acronyms {{}}}}}}}}}}

\ifpdf

viii Multi-file Latex Projects

10 commands

\doublespacing

\newcommand defines a new command, and makes an mistake if information technology is already defined.

\renewcommand redefines a predefined command, and makes an fault if it is not however defined.

\providecommand defines a new command if it isn't already divers.

If you want to define a command whether information technology is new or predefined, you can use \def or

\providecommand\foo{} \renewcommand\foo{...}

10.1 \renewcommand

e.g. \renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{

10.2 \addcontentsline

eastward.chiliad. \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Symbols}

Syntax:

\addcontentsline{file}{sec_unit}{entry}

The \addcontentsline command adds an entry to the specified list or table where

file is the extension of the file on which information is to be written: toc - tabular array of contents lof - list of figures lot - list of tables sec_unit controls the formatting of the entry. It should exist 1 of the post-obit, depending upon the value of the file argument: toc - the name of the exclusive unit, such as part or subsection lof - figure lot - table entry is the text of the entry. https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/latex/ltx-171.html

11 TOC

eleven.i Manually add classification at ToC

In the thesis.tex file \include{toc}

add the following in toc.tex file

% print tabular array of contents, figures, tables \tableofcontents \listoffigures \pagestyle{empty}  %% clear the header on 'list of tables' pages,  disable header on "list of tables" pages, otherwise, 'list of tables' shown on header of 'list of symbols' \listoftables  % list of symbols \chapter*{List of symbols} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of symbols} \begin{tabular}{ll} D & Diameter\\ \end{tabular}

Of import commands:

\chapter*{List of symbols}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of symbols} #manually add content on 'table of contents'

$list-of-table-header.png$

12 Nomenclature, list of symbols

available packages: nomencl, glossary ,and glossaries

The package uses an indexing program to provide the actual glossary

Methods:

Nomenclature packet for commodity document type
Use table for Multiple tex project
glosaries package east.one thousand. \include*{Symbols/symbol} # include a tex file, symbol.tex in the folder, Symbols

add together the package \usepackage{nomencl} in the preamble

The 3 basic commands to produce the nomenclatures are: \makenomenclature # Usually put right after importing the package. \nomenclature{$a$}{the centric induction factor} # Used to define the nomenclature entries themselves. Takes two arguments, the symbol and the corresponding description. \printnomenclatures # this control prints the abridgement/symbol list at the respective position of the document.

From https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Nomenclatures#!#Basic_Syntax

Classification not piece of work in Texstudio

makeindex <ﬁlename>.nlo -s nomencl.ist -o <ﬁlename>.nls

From https://sourceforge.net/p/texstudio/feature-requests/104/

makeindex -southward nomencl.ist -t %.nlg -o %.nls %.nlo

Error

Input index file bract_design.idx non found. Usage: makeindex [-ilqrcgLT] [-south sty] [-o ind] [-t log] [-p num] [idx0 idx1 …]

12.1 nomenclature in Emacs

http://blog.modelworks.ch/how-to-generate-nice-nomenclatures-in-latex/

add nomencl package

\usepackage{nomencl}  % If you lot want to employ the references add options refpage, refeq \makenomenclature

To print the classification \printnomenclature

Symbols tin can be added in the text similar follows (later on the equation they announced the commencement time):

\classification{$vw$}{ Time cost multiple for walking time}

To generate the nomenclature you have to give a specific command. In Emacs you tin add the following code to your .emacs-file

(eval-later on-load "tex"   '(add-to-list 'TeX-command-listing                  '("Nomenclature" "makeindex %s.nlo -south nomencl.ist -o %s.nls"                   (lambda (name command file)                     (TeX-run-compile proper name command file)                     (TeX-procedure-set-variable file 'TeX-command-side by side TeX-control-default))                   null t :help "Create nomenclature file")))

When you now striking C-c C-c y'all tin can choose the option "Nomenclature" and the necessary files are generated.

If you want to have the stardom between several groups, you lot merely add the following code in your preamble and change the second part according your preferences:

\usepackage{xstring} \usepackage{xstring} \usepackage{xpatch} \patchcmd{\thenomenclature}   {\leftmargin\labelwidth}   {\leftmargin\labelwidth\itemindent 1em }   {}{}   \newcommand{\nomenclheader}[1]{%   \item[\hspace*{-\itemindent}\normalfont\bfseries#1]} \renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{%   \IfStrEqCase{#1}{%    {5}{\nomenclheader{Variables}}%   V - Variables    {P}{\nomenclheader{Parameters}}% P - Parameters    {A}{\nomenclheader{Acronyms}}% A - Acronyms   }% }

To produce an entry for paramters, you simply add together [P] in front of the normal entry

<p>\nomenclature[P]{$vw$}{ Time price multiple for walking fourth dimension}  </p>

One last remark: The entries might non exist aligned properly. For this y'all can add in your preamble:

and choose the width accordingly. The nomenclature entries have rather much vertical space between them. This can be inverse past calculation one of the post-obit lines to your preamble:

;;No extra skip \setlength{\nomitemsep}{-\parsep}  ;; Set to 1cm \setlength{\nomitemsep}{1cm}

12.2 classification in a multi-tex project

12.2.1 methods one

utilize \include{Symbols/symbol} in the main part of thesis.tex file apply non listed affiliate \chapter*{Classification} in the symbol.tex

12.3 Manuallly setting the title

\documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}   \usepackage{nomencl} \makenomenclature   \renewcommand{\nomname}{List of Symbols}   \renewcommand{\nompreamble}{The adjacent list describes several symbols that will be later used within the body of the document}   \begin{certificate} \mbox{}   \nomenclature{$c$}{Speed of light in a vacuum inertial frame} \nomenclature{$h$}{Planck constant}   \printnomenclature \terminate{document}

The line

\renewcommand{\nomname}{List of Symbols}

changes the default title.

The command

\renewcommand{\nompreamble}{The adjacent list...}

inserts some text in between the title and the list symbols.

12.5 How to include List of Symbols entry in the ToC?

12.vi How to rename "Nomenclature" to "Listing of Symbols"?

12.seven There are some symbols that are used in different locations in the document and their meanings are different. How to indistinguishable the entry?

12.8 How to reduce line spacing on the nomenclature page?

thirteen style Files

13.ane class file .cls

14 Compiling

15 Chinese input

Chinese demand special document grade, such equally ctexart (Chinese Tex Article), ctexrep, ctexbook

15.one Error

15.1.one File `ctexart.cls' non constitute. \oddsidemargin

16 Images/Figure

16.1 refer multiple figures

sixteen.2 two figures side past side

use Subfigures parcel, and add explanation and subcaption packages in the preamble

\usepackage{explanation} \usepackage{subcaption}  \begin{ducment}  \begin{figure}     \centering     \brainstorm{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}         \centering         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{graph1}         \caption{$y=x$}         \label{fig:y equals 10}     \end{subfigure}      \hfill     \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}         \centering         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{graph2}         \explanation{$y=3sinx$}         \label{fig:three sin ten}     \end{subfigure}      \hfill     \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}         \centering         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{graph3}         \caption{$y=5/10$}         \label{fig:five over 10}     \end{subfigure}     \explanation{Iii unproblematic graphs}     \label{fig:iii graphs} \end{figure} - for two or more effigy, utilise subfigure packet (subfigure.sty)

16.2.ane case 2

\documentclass{article} \usepackage{graphicx,subfigure}

\begin{certificate} \begin{figure} \centering %%% not \center \subfigure[Figure A]{\label{fig:a}\includegraphics[width=60mm]{example-epitome-a}} \subfigure[Figure B]{\characterization{fig:b}\includegraphics[width=60mm]{example-prototype-b}} \explanation{Spanwise distribution of the ability coefficient, left TSR=4; right TSR=5.5} \label{Fig. spanwise cp} \terminate{figure} \stop{document}

16.3 two figures adjacent in latex

keywords: subfigures

\begin{subfigure} \terminate{subfigure}

\textwidth \hfill # add some spacing between the figures

3 subfigures

\begin{figure}     \centering     \brainstorm{subfigure}[b]{0.iii\textwidth}         \centering         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{graph1}         \caption{$y=x$}         \label{fig:y equals x}     \stop{subfigure}     \hfill     \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}         \centering         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{graph2}         \caption{$y=3sinx$}         \label{fig:three sin x}     \stop{subfigure}     \hfill     \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.iii\textwidth}         \centering         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{graph3}         \caption{$y=five/ten$}         \label{fig:five over x}     \end{subfigure}     \caption{Three simple graphs}     \label{fig:three graphs} \end{figure}

\brainstorm{figure} \centering \begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}   \centering   \includegraphics[width=.4\linewidth]{image1}   \caption{A subfigure}   \label{fig:sub1} \terminate{subfigure}% \begin{subfigure}{.five\textwidth}   \centering   \includegraphics[width=.4\linewidth]{image1}   \explanation{A subfigure}   \characterization{fig:sub2} \cease{subfigure} \explanation{A figure with two subfigures} \label{fig:test} \end{figure}

xvi.four Width, size

the width of a effigy should be specified in terms of \columnwidth in a figure environment and of \textwidth in a figure* environs

\hsize is a TeX primitive that should not be ordinarily used in LaTeX
\textwidth is the (abiding) width of the full text block
\columnwidth is the (constant) width of a single column of text (which is the aforementioned as \textwidth for a unmarried column certificate)
\linewidth is a variable that represents the current size of the line of text, whether inside a column or a minipage or a list

In general, then, it's all-time to always apply \linewidth if you are specifying the relative size of an image or a box, since it will adapt to the current situation.

xvi.5 Positioning of Effigy

\begin{figure}[!htb]

Explanation of the figure placement parameters:

h - Identify figure here, if possible
t - Identify figure at the peak of a page
b - Place figure at the bottom of a page and
! - Over-ride default LaTeX figure placement (do not use the parameter values).

For better display, utilise:

> \begin{figure}[!htb]

it is often easier to add together ! before the placement options, thus forcing LaTeX to ignore well-nigh of these contraints.

causes LaTeX to try to fit the float "here", or at the "top" of the electric current page (or the next page), or at the "bottom" of the electric current page (or the next page). If "p" is specified, information technology will allow the float to accept a whole page to itself.

One of the reasons that the floats won't go where you lot desire them is that there are a lot of constraints on where they can go. The main ones are

Specifier	Permission
h	Place the float here, i.e., approximately at the same point it occurs in the source text (nonetheless, non exactly at the spot)
t	Position at the top of the page.
b	Position at the lesser of the folio.
p	Put on a special page for floats only.
`!`	Override internal parameters, LaTeX uses for determining "skillful" float positions.

Counter	Default
topnumber	maximum number of floats at superlative of page two
bottomnumber	maximum number of floats at bottom of page 1
totalnumber	maximum number of floats on a page iii
Command
\topfraction	maximum fraction of page for floats at top 0.7
\bottomfraction	maximum fraction of page for floats at bottom 0.3
\textfraction	minimum fraction of page for text 0.2
\floatpagefraction	minimum fraction of floatpage that should accept floats 0.5

These can be inverse individually. But it is frequently easier to add ! before the placement options, thus forcing LaTeX to ignore most of these contraints.

If y'all want to modify the defaults, the following values give reasonable results:

\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{two}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{four}
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{0.85}
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.15}
\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.7}

The \clearpage command starts a new page and inserts all floats that take not yet appeared earlier continuing. This can get out a bad page break, so a useful alternative is to use the afterpage parcel, then insert

\afterpage{\clearpage}

which will put all the floats at the end of the current page.

A very useful package is placeins. This provides the command \FloatBarrier which causes all unprocessed floats to be processed at that point, but does not kickoff a new page unless it is necessary. To keep floats in the sections in which they were included, use

\usepackage[department]{placeins}

This silently puts a \FloatBarrier command earlier each section. In that location are other options explained in the placeins documentation.

Some other useful package is flafter. This causes floats to always announced afterwards their placement in the certificate.

If you really don't want LaTeX to motility your bladder at all, then use the bladder package with the command \restylefloat{figure} in the preamble. This allows yous to specify [H] equally the position parameter which means "Here and only Hither". However, this often gives bad page breaks.

>> https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Positioning_of_Figures

16.vi A double column floating figure using 2 subfigures.

(The subfig.sty bundle must be loaded for this to piece of work.) The subfigure \label commands are set within each subfloat command, the \characterization for the overall figure must come after \caption.

\hfil must exist used as a separator to become equal spacing.

The subfigure.sty packet works much the aforementioned way, except \subfigure is used instead of \subfloat.

%\brainstorm{effigy*}[!t] %\centerline{\subfloat[Case I]\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{subfigcase1}% %\label{fig_first_case}} %\hfil %\subfloat[Instance II]{\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{subfigcase2}% %\characterization{fig_second_case}}} %\caption{Simulation results} %\label{fig_sim} %\end{figure*}

Notation that frequently IAENG papers with subfigures do not employ subfigure captions (using the optional argument to \subfloat), just instead volition reference/describe all of them (a), (b), etc., inside the main caption.

sixteen.8 TikZ and PGF- Embed Graphic systems for TeX

TikZ and PGF are TeX packages for creating graphics programmatically. TikZ is build on top of PGF and allows you to create sophisticated graphics in a rather intuitive and piece of cake way. PGF : Create normal/logarithmic plots in 2 and three dimensions official web

xvi.8.1 Tutorial

16.x embed paradigm using `tikz` parcel

\documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{plotmarks} % The information files, written on the beginning run.

\begin{filecontents}{div_soft.data} #MOPS Power [mW] 1.33E-02 10.403432 1.33E-01 12.53108 2.66E-01 14.90265 3.99E-01 17.22483 5.31E-01 19.58292 6.64E-01 21.89876 7.97E-01 24.44624 ix.30E-01 26.6708 \terminate{filecontents} \brainstorm{filecontents}{div_ciu.information} # MOPS Ability [mW] 4.35E-02 9.562436 4.35E-01 10.845494 8.69E-01 12.24356 1.30E+00 13.66974 one.74E+00 15.13008 2.17E+00 16.57845 2.61E+00 17.97894 3.04E+00 19.41534 \end{filecontents} \begin{filecontents}{div_ciu_oscar.data} #MOPS Power [mW] 8.57E-01 11.255013 9.99E-01 11.4804 1.14E+00 11.718 1.29E+00 xi.9916 1.64E+00 12.65854 two.00E+00 13.308 2.64E+00 14.484 iii.85E+00 16.8 \end{filecontents} \begin{filecontents}{div_ciu_oscar_extrapolated.data} # MOPS Power [mW] 4.28E+00 17.56312023 5.71E+00 twenty.21127914 7.14E+00 22.85943805 8.57E+00 25.50759696 9.99E+00 28.15575587 \end{filecontents} \begin{document} \brainstorm{tikzpicture}[y=.2cm, x=.7cm,font=\sffamily] %axis \draw (0,0) -- coordinate (x centrality mid) (10,0); \draw (0,0) -- coordinate (y centrality mid) (0,30); %ticks \foreach \x in {0,...,10} \depict (\10,1pt) -- (\x,-3pt) node[anchor=north] {\x}; \foreach \y in {0,5,...,xxx} \draw (1pt,\y) -- (-3pt,\y) node[anchor=east] {\y}; %labels \node[below=0.8cm] at (ten centrality mid) {MOPS}; \node[rotate=90, to a higher place=0.8cm] at (y axis mid) {Power [mW]}; %plots \draw plot[marking=*, mark options={fill=white}] file {div_soft.data}; \draw plot[mark=triangle*, marker options={fill up=white} ] file {div_ciu.data}; \draw plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill up=white}] file {div_ciu_oscar.data}; \draw plot[marking=square*] file {div_ciu_oscar_extrapolated.data}; %legend \begin{scope}[shift={(4,4)}] \depict (0,0) -- plot[mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right]{soft}; \draw[yshift=\baselineskip] (0,0) -- plot[marker=triangle*, mark options={fill=white}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right]{ciu}; \depict[yshift=2\baselineskip] (0,0) -- plot[marker=square*, mark options={fill=white}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right]{ciu + oscar}; \depict[yshift=iii\baselineskip] (0,0) -- plot[mark=foursquare*, marker options={fill=black}] (0.25,0) -- (0.v,0) node[right]{ciu + oscar extrapolated}; \terminate{telescopic} \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}

17 Text Color

Using colours in LaTeX

use colour or xcolor packages

due east.one thousand.

The groundwork color of some text can as well be \textcolor{red}{easily} prepare. For instance, y'all tin can change to orange the groundwork of \colorbox{BurntOrange}{this  text} and so continue typing.

\textcolor{ruby-red}{hands} # set "easily" cherry color
\colorbox{color definition}{text}

for clor names, refer to Basic colour names available in LaTeX

To set page background colour:

\pagecolor

18 Version control system for LaTeX documents?

keywords: git latex thesis

Options: Mercurial, Git

> http://www.codiply.com/blog/place-your-latex-thesis-under-version-command-with-mercurial-and-bitbucket/

LaTeX and Subversion

SVN: subversion

As a single user the main advantages are

Automated backups: If y'all accidentally delete some file (or part of a file) you tin can undelete it. If y'all modify something and desire to undo it, the VCS can do so. Sharing on multiple computers: VCSes are designed to help multiple people collaboratively edit text files. This makes sharing betwixt multiple computers (say your desktop and laptop) specially easy. You do not demand to bother if yous e'er copied the newest version; the VCS volition do that for you lot. Fifty-fifty if you are offline and alter files on both computers, the VCS volition merge the changes intelligently once you are online. Version control and branching: Say you published some class notes as a pdf and want to fix some typos in them while simultaneously working on the notes for side by side year. No problem. And y'all only need to fix the typos once, the VCS will merge them to the other versions.

Firstly, most every common VCS is supported past an Emacs extension so that is not a key concern.

The only VCS that tin output things to your drafts that I am aware of is SVN(subversion). To practice this you have to install a couple of LaTeX packages, as described here: http://www.tug.org/pracjourn/2007-iii/kalderon-svnmulti/ These allow y'all to put SVN version numbers and other details into your drafts. In that location is no real reason why this can't exist done with other VCSs, but so far nobody has released any LaTeX packages for them.

I don't know of any LaTeX packages that allow you to rail changes in the pdf itself, but they all allow y'all to do this for the .tex file via the diverse unequal commands. Again, getting this in the pdf file would be a matter of writing LaTeX packages.

Aside from these issues, the chief thing y'all demand to decide is whether to use a centralized (e.thousand. CVS, SVN) or distributed (e.m. git, Mercurial) system. Distributed systems accept a number of advantages and, as far as I tin tell, no disadvantages for use with LaTeX. For one affair, you can use them without setting upward a server to just work with single-author projects on your own machine. They also store the whole history of the project on your local automobile so y'all always have access to it even if you are offline (one of my coauthors is very picky virtually this).

Personally, I apply Mercurial rather than git for the following reasons:

Git is undoubtedly more powerful than Mercurial, simply the extra functionality is mainly relevant to software developers and you are extremely unlikely to need it for a LaTeX document. Mercurial has a better user interface in the sense that, unlike git, most commands do what y'all would expect them to do and you won't need to utilise lots of flags and command line options to become it to practice what you desire. (Alarm! The Git vs. Mercurial debate is an example of a holy war. This is the personal view of the author and you are free to disagree, but if y'all do disagree then it is probably because you have never worked with anyone who is not intimately familiar with a *nix control line.) Mercurial has excellent documentation, especially Mercurial:The Definitive Guide, which is bachelor for gratis online. I didn't find anything nearly as good for git. Mercurial makes it easy to throw up a repository server on even the almost backwards shared hosting provider that you tin can get for $v a month. The standard ways of serving git repositories require persistent processes, which ways y'all may have to pay more for hosting. Of class, this is moot if you run your ain server or accept in house IT staff to practise it for you.

In summary, Mercurial will scare your collaborators who are only reluctantly agreeing to utilise a VCS in the first identify a lot less than git would.

18.1 xviii.3 Reference

19 Table

\begin{table}[h!] \begin{center}   \explanation{Wake decay coefficient and RMS Error}   \characterization{tab:WakeDecayCoefficient} 	\brainstorm{tabular}{|c|c|c|} 		\hline 		TI (\%) & one thousand & RMS Error\\ 		\hline 		xv & 0.0190 & 0.0190\\ 		one & 0.0075 & 0.0371\\ 		\hline 	\end{tabular}  \terminate{center} \end{table}

in the above exapple, the table caption is below the table.

To brand sure caption on elevation of table contents:

The \explanation and \label commands are optional. However, if yous accept both of them, \label must come between \caption and \end{table}.

19.1 fit width of table to text width

employ tabu environment, but not works https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Tables#Creating_a_simple_table_in_LaTeX https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/10535/how-to-force-a-table-into-page-width

\begin{tabu} to \textwidth {|X[fifty]|X[c]|10[c]|X[c]|X[c]|Ten[c]|X[r]|} Location & TI$_{\infty}^s$ (\%) & TI$_{\infty}$ (\%) & U$_{\infty}$ (yard/s) & h(thou) & Techniques & Ref
\hline Isle of Eday, UK & ten-11 & 7.9-8.7 & 1.five & 5.0 & ADCP & \cite{osalusi2009reynolds}
Audio of Islay, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland & 12-thirteen & 9.5-ten.iii & ii.0 & 5.0 & ADV & \cite{milne2013characteristics}
Puget Sound, United states & 8.4/eleven.iv & 6.half dozen/9.0 & 1.3 ($\pm$ 0.5) & 4.7 & ADV/ADCP & \cite{thomson2012measurements}
Strangford Lough, UK & 4-9 & 3.two-7.ane & 1.v-3.5 & 14 & – &\cite{macenri2013influence}
Eastward River, NY,USA & xx-30 & 16-24 & ane.five-2.three & five.22 & ADCP & \cite{li2010inflow}
Goto Islands, Japan & ten-25.5 & 8-23 & 0.25-ii & eighteen& ADCP & \cite{novo2017field}
\hline \end{tabu}

If yous don't need to control the width of each cell, simply of the unabridged table and then distribute the space inside evenly, use the package tabu. See the example below:

\brainstorm{tabu} to 0.8\textwidth { | 10[l] | X[c] | X[r] | }  \hline  particular 11 & item 12 & item 13 \\  \hline  item 21  & item 22  & item 23  \\ \hline

19.2 embed org-tables inside of a latex document

20 Error log

20.1 Not in outer par fashion. \begin{effigy}[!htb]

20.ii Sorry, only pdflatex.exe did not succeed.

The log file hopefully contains the information to get MiKTeX going once again: C:/Users/exw692/AppData/Local/MiKTeX/two.9/miktex/log/pdflatex.log Yous may want to visit the MiKTeX project page, if you need help.

20.iii I constitute no \bibdata command

message: This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (MiKTeX two.9 64-chip) The top-level auxiliary file: e387_A7 _rans _bem.aux I found no \bibdata command—while reading file e387_A7 _rans _bem.aux I found no \bibstyle command—while reading file e387_A7 _rans _bem.aux (There were 2 fault messages)

answer: The BibTeX log reports that the aux files does not contain \bibstyle and \bibdata. These two instructions are written in the aux file by the commands \bibliographystyle and \bibliography. The 2 commands are present in the main file.

This suggests that one of the included files contains \end{document}. In this example, the \terminate{document} appears in mathfluid₃.tex (or as the edit indicates in one of the files embedded in it). \terminate{document}, typically, instructs the TeX compilers to terminates the compilation, and everything appering later it is ignored.

20.4 Unsupported document class (or packet) detected,(caption) usage of the explanation packet is not recommended.

20.v Underfull \hbox (badness 1648) in paragraph

99 times out of 100 information technology means you have \\ incorrectly placed at the stop of a paragraph. Merely to dissect the bulletin:

Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 4–5

A box is underfull if there is not enough content to fill its stated size.

If you go \hbox to 5cm{A} and then it makes a horizontal box (\hbox) 5cm wide but containing an A and then it is underfull and will generate a warning, the verbal corporeality of badness depends how much whatsoever white space is over-stretched, only here there is no white infinite so information technology is infinitely bad, which is arbitrarily truncated to the maximum value, 10000.

By placing \\ at the end of a paragraph you force a line break simply in that location is nothing at all in the forced terminal line of the paragraph so information technology is a box that is \textwidth wide with no content. It appears a bit like vertical space but it is non information technology is a spurious line at the cease of the paragraph. So for example information technology does not stretch and is not dropped at the get-go of a page.

20.6 In that location's no line here to finish. \end{itemize} \newline

add "\bigskip" e.yard.

\brainstorm{itemize} \detail This \item That \item Where \end{itemize}

\bigskip I am doing it hither to exam this.

20.vii Unknown graphics extension: .bmp

20.viii Missing number, treated as zero. \brainstorm{subfigure}{0.55\textwidth}

20.eight.1 lawmaking

\begin{figure}[!t] \centering \begin{subfigure}{0.55\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{fig/2r_tsr55_e387} \caption{} \label{fig:Ng1} \end{subfigure} \hfill \begin{subfigure}{0.55\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{fig/5r_tsr55_e387} \caption{} \label{fig:Ng2} \end{subfigure} \terminate{figure}

20.8.2 solution

change package to \usepackage{subcaption}

20.9 Package caption Error: The package option `explanation=false' is obsolete. \caption@ProcessOptions*{caption}

21 Glossary

environments: Everything between \brainstorm and \cease

east.g.

\begin{equation} \cease{equation}

Floats: containers for things in a document that cannot exist broken over a folio.
textwidth: the global width of the text area
\columnwidth: the width of a column of text (information technology volition be different from \textwidth when typesetting in 2 or more columns).

22 Editors

Texstudio
Texlive

23 Syntax

23.2 Special characters

Type \ before these characters, i.e. type "\&" in society to run across: &.

≅

combination of "≈" and "=",
used to indicate isomorphism or sometimes congruence

23.3 Spaces

Two or more than spaces in text are the same equally ane \hfill Inserts a blank space that will stretch appropriately to fill the space available.

23.four Paragraphs and new lines

23.five Line breaks and blank spaces

23.half-dozen Emphasising text

Text tin can be emphasized by using \emph control. Sometimes the \emph command behaves but as \textit, but is not exactly the aforementioned: * Some of the greatest \emph{discoveries} in science were made by accident. \textit{Some of the greatest \emph{discoveries} in scientific discipline were made past blow.} \textbf{Some of the greatest \emph{discoveries} in scientific discipline were made by accident.} **

From https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Bold,_italics_and_underlining#!#Emphasising_text

List

Ordered lists

\begin{enumerate} \item \end{enumerate}

Unordered lists

\begin{itemize} \item \end{itemize}

From https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Learn%20LaTeX%20in%2030%20minutes#!#Ordered_lists

\makeatletter # changes the catcode of @ to xi <your changes hither> \makeatother #changes the catcode of @ dorsum to 12 From https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/8351/what-do-makeatletter-and-makeatother-do

Surround ** \begin{he name of the surround}

\cease{he name of the environment} *

Command \commandname[options]{argument}

Defining a new surround But as with commands, y'all can define new environments. [edit] Defining simple environments The new environment definition is accomplished by the \newenvironment tag: \newenvironment{boxed} {\begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|p{0.nine\textwidth}|} \hline\\ } { \\\\\hline \end{tabular} \end{eye} } %–———————————————— Below this line a boxed environment is used \begin{boxed} This is the text formatted by the boxed environs \end{boxed} This text is again outside the environs

This surroundings will draw a box around the text within. Right afterwards the \newcommand, in between braces, you must write the name of the environment, boxed in the example. Below that are two pairs of braces. Inside the commencement pair of braces is set what your new environment volition exercise before the text within, then within the second pair of braces declare what your new surroundings will practice after the text. In the case, in between the before braces a horizontal line is drawn and the tabular environment is started to draw the vertical lines. Within the after braces another horizontal line is drawn and the tabular environment is closed.

From https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Environments

Hyperlinks when importing hyperref. Usually it has to be the terminal packet to be imported,

\hypersetup{ ... } This will set the options to configure the behaviour of the links within the document. Every parameter must be comma-separated and the syntax must be in the forma parameter=value. \url #command to display the actual link \href #set a hidden link and show a word/sentence instead. i.e. \href{http://www.sharelatex.com}{Sharelatex}

From https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Hyperlinks

24 indent size

It is possible to change the indent size. In the example, the first lines of each paragraph are indented 4em (an "em" equals the length of the "chiliad" in the current font), this is accomplished by the command \setlength{\parindent}{4em}

25 Commendation citation

25.1 cite multiple reference

\cite{ahmed2013investigation, shen2015numerical}

26 package vs class file

.cls #form file .sty #bundle file

class: specify the structure of the ducument
bundle:

27 Packages

27.1 cite

cite.sty was written past Donald Arseneau

% \cite{} output to follow that of IAENG. Loading the cite package volition % result in citation numbers being automatically sorted and properly % "compressed/ranged". eastward.g., ¹, ^two, ³, ⁴, ^v, ⁶ without using % cite.sty will get ¹, ^three, ⁵--^iv, ² using cite.sty. cite.sty's % \cite will automatically add leading space, if needed. Apply cite.sty'due south % noadjust option (cite.sty V3.8 and later) if you want to turn this off. % cite.sty is already installed on almost LaTeX systems. Exist sure and use % version 4.0 (2003-05-27) and subsequently if using hyperref.sty.

cite.sty does not currently provide for hyperlinked citations. % The latest version cban be obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/cite/ % The documentation is contained in the cite.sty file itself.

27.two graphics

% graphics is required if y'all want graphics, photos, etc. graphicx.sty is already % installed on almost LaTeX systems. The latest version and documentation tin % be obtained at: % http://world wide web.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/ % Another expert source of documentation is "Using Imported Graphics in % LaTeX2e" past Keith Reckdahl which can exist institute every bit epslatex.ps or % epslatex.pdf at: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/ % % latex, and pdflatex in dvi style, back up graphics in encapsulated % postscript (.eps) format. pdflatex in pdf fashion supports graphics % in .pdf, .jpeg, .png and .mps (metapost) formats. Users should ensure % that all not-photo figures use a vector format (.eps, .pdf, .mps) and % non a bitmapped formats (.jpeg, .png). IAENG frowns on bitmapped formats % which tin can result in "jaggedy"/blurry rendering of lines and letters as % well every bit big increases in file sizes. % % You lot can find documentation virtually the pdfTeX application at: % http://www.tug.org/applications/pdftex

% * MATH PACKAGES * % %\usepackage[cmex10]{amsmath} % A pop package from the American Mathematical Club that provides % many useful and powerful commands for dealing with mathematics. If using % information technology, be sure to load this bundle with the cmex10 option to ensure that % only blazon i fonts will utilized at all point sizes. Without this option, % information technology is possible that some math symbols, particularly those inside % footnotes, will be rendered in bitmap form which will result in a % certificate that can not exist IAENG compliant! % Likewise, note that the amsmath package sets \interdisplaylinepenalty to 10000 % thus preventing folio breaks from occurring inside multiline equations. Use: %\interdisplaylinepenalty=2500 % after loading amsmath to restore such page breaks every bit IAENGtran.cls normally % does. amsmath.sty is already installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest % version and documentation can be obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex/math/

% * SPECIALIZED Listing PACKAGES * % %\usepackage{algorithmic} % algorithmic.sty was written past Peter Williams and Rogerio Brito. % This bundle provides an algorithmic environment for describing algorithms. % You can utilize the algorithmic environment in-text or inside a figure % environment to provide for a floating algorithm. Do Not utilize the algorithm % floating environment provided past algorithm.sty (by the same authors) or % algorithm2e.sty (by Christophe Fiorio) as IAENG does non use defended % algorithm bladder types and packages that provide these will non provide % correct IAENG manner captions. The latest version and documentation of % algorithmic.sty can be obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-annal/macros/latex/contrib/algorithms/ % In that location is too a support site at: % http://algorithms.berlios.de/alphabetize.html % Too of interest may be the (relatively newer and more than customizable) % algorithmicx.sty bundle by Szasz Janos: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/algorithmicx/

% * ALIGNMENT PACKAGES * % %\usepackage{array} % Frank Mittelbach's and David Carlisle'southward assortment.sty patches and improves % the standard LaTeX2e array and tabular environments to provide improve % appearance and additional user controls. As the default LaTeX2e table % generation code is lacking to the bespeak of most being broken with % respect to the quality of the terminate results, all users are strongly % advised to use an enhanced (at the very to the lowest degree that provided by array.sty) % set of tabular array tools. assortment.sty is already installed on most systems. The % latest version and documentation can be obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools/

27.3 mdmath

%\usepackage{mdwmath} %\usepackage{mdwtab} % As well highly recommended is Mark Wooding'south extremely powerful MDW tools, % peculiarly mdwmath.sty and mdwtab.sty which are used to format equations % and tables, respectively. The MDWtools set is already installed on most % LaTeX systems. The lastest version and documentation is available at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mdwtools/

27.iv array

%\usepackage{array} % Frank Mittelbach's and David Carlisle's array.sty patches and improves % the standard LaTeX2e array and tabular environments to provide amend % appearance and additional user controls. As the default LaTeX2e tabular array % generation lawmaking is defective to the point of most beingness broken with % respect to the quality of the end results, all users are strongly % advised to use an enhanced (at the very to the lowest degree that provided by array.sty) % set of table tools. array.sty is already installed on most systems. The % latest version and documentation tin be obtained at: % http://world wide web.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools/

28 Bundle mistake

subcaption package is incompatible with the subfigure and subfig packages inputenc – Have dissimilar input encodings babel – Multilingual support for Plain TeX or LaTeX The package humanages culturally-determined typographical (and other) rules, and hyphenation patterns for a wide range of languages. A physicianument may select a single language to exist supported, or information technology may select several, in which example the doctorument may switch from one language to another in a variety of ways.

From https://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel

Generated pdf file Check the folder of tex file, in my pc , information technology is certificate/Tex_Demo Sort the bibliography past citation social club

From http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/17354/sort-thebibliography-by-commendation-order

\usepackage[foursquare, numbers, sort& compress %按先后顺序引用并压缩，如[3-five,8] ]{natbib}

From http://bulletin board system.ctex.org/forum.php?modernistic=viewthread&tid=37235 Keyboard shortcut

MiKTeX: The etoolbox package is included in MiKTeX. Employ the MiKTeX package manager to install it.

From https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/etoolbox?lang=en

Biblatex not work in Texstudio

Problem description My test.tex file

* \documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[english language]{babel} \usepackage[backend=biber]{biblatex} \addbibresource{sample.bib}

\begin{certificate} Allow'southward cite! The Einstein'southward periodical newspaper \cite{einstein} and the Dirac's book \cite{dirac} are physics related items. \printbibliography \cease{document}

* Fault message * Citation 'einstein' on page ane undefined Commendation 'dirac' on folio 1 undefined Empty bibliography At that place were undefined references. Please (re)run Biber on the file:(biblatex) test(biblatex) and rerun LaTeX afterwards. ** Reply: ** In the current release (2.vi branch), TeXstudio's build process ('Build & View') by default runs pdfLaTeX but not a bibliography tool, which you need to do separately. At that place is also a demand to change the settings to run Biber rather than BibTeX for creating a bibliography. Thus the steps required are as follows:

In the TeXstudio preferences ('Preferences …' on the Mac or 'Options -> Configure TeXstudio' on Windows), choose the Build tab and change the 'Default Bibliography' to 'Biber'. Save and close the preferences.
Run 'Build & View' from the 'Tools' menu (or press the 2 green arrows icon), which volition create a PDF simply with the bibliography not completed
Run 'Bibliography' from the 'Tools' carte du jour.
Run 'Build & View' once again: the bibliography volition appear in the PDF.

Information technology is possible to set upward TeXstudio in alternative ways to achieve the aforementioned upshot. The fundamental is that you have to ensure that the is a sequence

LaTeX
Biber
LaTeX

which tin be done 'by hand' (as I take) or can be automatic in diverse means. Note that the same general thought applies whatsoever editor is used: this is a feature of LaTeX and not of the editor.

From http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/154751/biblatex-with-biber-configuring-my-editor-to-avoid-undefined-citations/154754#154754

From http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/153647/biblatex-biber-and-latex-citations-undefined

Biblatex not work in texstudio A:update miktex, unstall default miktex package in protext, download latest from web, install manually

Latex model for Elsevier journal newspaper https://world wide web.elsevier.com/authors/author-schemas/latex-instructions

Online latex, ShareLaTeX, Overleaf

Source Code Listings include the source code of any programming language within your document

From https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings

From https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings Emphasising text Text can exist emphasized by using \emph control. Sometimes the \emph command behaves just as \textit, but is not exactly the same:

What the \emph control actually does with its argument depends on the context - inside normal text the emphasized text is italicized, but this behaviour is reversed if used inside an italicized text- see example above:

From https://www.sharelatex.com/larn/Assuming,_italics_and_underlining#!#Emphasising_text

Why should I put a ~ earlier \ref or \cite?

The ~ is a non-breaking space, (not really a symbol) so when yous write in your text Table~\ref{mytable} it ensures that the Table office is kept together with the number.

From https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/9633/why-should-i-put-a-before-ref-or-cite

List of Symbols?

From https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/74451/list-of-symbols

28.ane Why should I put a~ earlier \ref or \cite?

~ #non-breaking space ~ is chosen a necktie because it ties two words together like in Section~\ref{sec:intro}. The tie causes TeX never to suspension a line at a tie.

28.2 Parcel subcaption Error: This package can't be used in cooperation(subcaption) with the subfigure package. \subcaption@CheckCompatibility

don't utilize subcaption and subfigure at the aforementioned times

28.3 Missing number, treated as nix. \brainstorm{subfigure}[b]{0.4\textwidth}

28.four Illegal unit of measurement of measure (pt inserted). \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\textwidth}

29 Math

\[ \dot{a} \chapeau{a} \]

29.1 Underbrace

\documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath}% http://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath  \begin{document} \[ \underbrace{u'-P(ten)u^two-Q(10)u-R(x)}_{\text{=0, since ~$u$ is a particular solution.}} \] \end{document}

29.2 instance

\documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}

\title{Lecture two} \author{Ivan Toma\5{southward}i\'c } \date{September 2017}

\begin{document} \maketitle \section{Separating maths from text} 2. dfshfhksgsf fdgh hd hkslgdhjsdj;ldjfg dfg df d;flk gjkl;dfgkl;dsfg TeX strictly separates mathematical formulae/symbols from the surrounding text. There are \begin{itemize} \item INLINE maths formulae; \item DISPLAYED maths formulae. \finish{itemize} For example, Pythagoras said the following. Allow $a$, $b$, $c$ exist the sides of a right-angled triangle, where $c$ is the hypothenuse. And then $a^2+b^2=c^ii$. Fermat conjectured that the equation $$ x^n+y^northward=z^n $$ does not have integer solutions $ten$, $y$, $z$ for $north\geq iii$. ALL MATH SYMBOLS MUST be enclosed inside \$ signs or \$\$ signs. BAD: The solutions to the equation $x^ii=ane$ in variable x are $x_{1,2}=\pm 1$. Compare $a$ and a. \department{Spaces, paragraphs, commas, fullstops} Calculation superfluous spaces does nothing. We open a new paragraph by inserting one or more bare lines, and the new paragraph is slightly indented. New paragraph, daskjghgdlkjahgsfhaldhfkjlsadhflkjha d fads fsad f asdf asd f asdfas df asg fdg dsfg sd fg dfg sdfg sdfg sdf gfs dg sdfg sdf gsd fg sdfg sdfgsd. After a comma or a fullstop, we always insert a space. TeX then knows what to do. BAD: Compare to the following,where we didn't.This does not look expert at all! \section{The appearance of text} Text can be {\bf bold}, {\it italic}, {\sl slanted} or {\sc small-scale caps}. When nosotros define things, we usually emphasise the give-and-take we are defining using \emph{word}. For example: a positive integer is \emph{prime}, if it has no proper divisors. We can make it {\big large} or {\small-scale modest}, or even {\Large Larger} or {\tiny smaller}. Usually it is non a good thought to go wild with mixing up these features, these ought to be used in moderation, and consistently. In particular, in that location is no point sometimes emphasizing things using boldface and sometimes using italic font. \section{Itemize and enumerate} Should you lot wish to give a list of bulletpoints, use: \begin{itemize} \item kickoff item; \item second detail; \item third item. \finish{catalog} If you prefer to have a numbered list, employ: \begin{enumerate} \item first item; \item second detail; \detail tertiary detail. \end{enumerate} \department{Mathematical formulae and expressions} Superscripts are easy: $$ 10^n, \ \ \ {n^n}^north, n^{northward^{n^n}}. $$ Subscripts too: $$ x_n, \ \ \ a_{i_j}, \ \ \ a_{ij} \ \ \ a_{11,12}. $$ Note that curly braces are used to grouping objects together in TeX source, and then they are non visible. The different types of brackets are typeset like this: $$ (), \ \ \ \ [ ], \ \ \ \ \{ \} $$ Larger brackets are obtained as follows: $$ \left( \frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{d}\right)^2. $$ For Greek messages, you just need to know what they are called, and then $$ \alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta, \epsilon\ldots $$ Yous have seen that the ellipsis operator is called $\ldots$ (compare to ...), and sometimes nosotros also use $\cdots$ to go on a sequence of arithmetical operations. In order to typeset the `blackboard assuming' symbols for the well-nigh common number systems, we must include the package \verb+amssymb+, and this is done using the control \verb+\usepackage{amssymb}+ in the preamble (near the start of the document). So we get our friends $$ \mathbb{North}, \mathbb{Z}, \mathbb{Q}, \mathbb{R}, \mathbb{C}. $$ As seen above, fractions are obtained every bit $$ \frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{d}=\frac{advertising+bc}{bd}. $$ Sums: $$\sum_{n=ane}^{\infty} 2^{-due north} = 1$$ Products: $$ n!=\prod_{i=1}^{n}i. $$ Integrals: $$ \int 10\, dx=\frac{ten^2}{two}+C, \ \text{ and so }\ \int_0^1 x\, dx=\frac{1}{2}. $$ A combination: $$ \zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-due south}=\prod_{p\text{ prime}}\frac{i}{1-p^{-south}}=\frac{1}{\Gamma(s)}\int_0^\infty \frac{x^southward}{eastward^x-i}\frac{dx}{x}. $$ Matrices: $$A_{m,northward} = \begin{pmatrix} a_{1,1} & a_{one,2} & \cdots & a_{ane,n} \\ a_{2,1} & a_{ii,2} & \cdots & a_{ii,n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m,one} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n} \end{pmatrix} $$ $$ Chiliad = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{half-dozen} & \frac{one}{vi} & 0 \\[0.3em] \frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{half dozen} \\[0.3em] 0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{vi} \end{bmatrix} $$ \end{certificate}

29.4 equations

29.4.ane unnumbered equation

$$ \theta_c[k+1]=\theta_c[k]+Tu_p[grand] $$

29.five volume and surface integral

\[    \[ \iiint_V \left( \mathbf{\nabla}\cdot\mathbf{F} \correct)\,dV=\oiint_S (\mathbf{F}\cdot\mathbf{n})\,dS  \]

\[ \iiint_V \left( \mathbf{\nabla}\cdot\mathbf{F} \correct)\,dV=\oiint_S (\mathbf{F}\cdot\mathbf{n})\,dS \]

xxx Symbol

Soldworks $^{\textregistered}$

31 Bibliography

31.ane Cite an URL web page

There isn't any @website entry option for BibTeX. So, we have to make apply of another entry type—we'll use @misc. In order to do this, make sure that \usepackage{url} is in your preamble

@misc For use when null else fits. Required fields: none Optional fields: author, title, howpublished, month, year, note

31.i.1 BibTex

@misc{seaGen, title = {SeaGen Due south}, howpublished = {\url{http://www.marineturbines.com/SeaGen-Products/SeaGen-S }}, note = {Accessed: 2015-05-30} }

@misc{knuthwebsite, author = "Donald Knuth", title = "Knuth: Computers and Typesetting", url = "http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/\~{}uno/abcde.html"

31.two bibtex

31.iii technical report citation in bibtex

@techreport{}

Format:

@TECHREPORT{citation_key, required_fields [, optional_fields] }

Required fields: writer, championship, establishment, twelvemonth

Optional fields: blazon, number, address, month, notation, key https://nwalsh.com/tex/texhelp/bibtx-20.html

Standard entry types

commodity Article from a magazine or journal

book A published book

booklet A piece of work that is printed but have no publisher or sponsoring institution

conference An article in a briefing proceedings

inbook A part of a book (section, chapter and and then on)

incollection A part of a book having its own title

inproceedings An article in a conference proceedings

manual Technical documentation

masterthesis A Principal'due south thesis

misc Something that doesn't fit in any other type

phdthesis A PhD thesis

proceedings The same every bit conference

techreport Report published by an institution

unpublished Document not formally published, with author and title

https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Bibliography_management_with_bibtex

32 Macro

Macro: user defined commands

Format: \newcommand{\name}[no_of_parameters]{defn_of_command}

33 Templates for journal & Book

33.1 Springer book

33.ii effigy and tables

Big figures and tables may span both columns. Identify figure captions below the figures; place tabular array titles above the tables. If your figure has 2 parts, include the labels "(a)" and "(b)" every bit part of the artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the text actually be.

33.3 IAENG example

%% IAENGtran contains the IAENGeqnarray family of commands that tin exist used to % generate multiline equations as well as matrices, tables, etc., of high % quality.

%\usepackage{eqparbox} % Also of notable interest is Scott Pakin'south eqparbox bundle for creating % (automatically sized) equal width boxes - aka "natural width parboxes". % Available at: http://world wide web.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/eqparbox/

% * SUBFIGURE PACKAGES * %\usepackage[tight,footnotesize]{subfigure} % subfigure.sty was written by Steven Douglas Cochran. This package makes it % easy to put subfigures in your figures. due east.yard., "Figure 1a and 1b". For IAENG % work, it is a good idea to load it with the tight parcel option to reduce % the corporeality of white space around the subfigures. subfigure.sty is already % installed on nigh LaTeX systems. The latest version and documentation can % be obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/obsolete/macros/latex/contrib/subfigure/ % subfigure.sty has been superceeded past subfig.sty.

%\usepackage[caption=false]{caption} %\usepackage[font=footnotesize]{subfig} % subfig.sty, likewise written past Steven Douglas Cochran, is the modern % replacement for subfigure.sty. However, subfig.sty requires and % automatically loads Axel Sommerfeldt'due south caption.sty which will override % IAENGtran.cls handling of captions and this will effect in nonIAENG style % effigy/tabular array captions. To prevent this problem, be certain and preload % explanation.sty with its "explanation=false" bundle option. This is will preserve % IAENGtran.cls handing of captions. Version one.3 (2005/06/28) and later % (recommended due to many improvements over i.2) of subfig.sty supports % the caption=imitation option directly: %\usepackage[caption=imitation,font=footnotesize]{subfig} % % The latest version and documentation can be obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-annal/macros/latex/contrib/subfig/ % The latest version and documentation of caption.sty can be obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/explanation/

% * Bladder PACKAGES * % %\usepackage{fixltx2e} % fixltx2e, the successor to the earlier fix2col.sty, was written by % Frank Mittelbach and David Carlisle. This parcel corrects a few issues % in the LaTeX2e kernel, the most notable of which is that in current % LaTeX2e releases, the ordering of single and double column floats is non % guaranteed to be preserved. Thus, an unpatched LaTeX2e can permit a % single column figure to exist placed prior to an before double column % effigy. The latest version and documentation tin be found at: % http://world wide web.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/

%\usepackage{stfloats} % stfloats.sty was written by Sigitas Tolusis. This package gives LaTeX2e % the ability to practice double column floats at the bottom of the page besides % as the summit. (east.m., "\begin{figure*}[!b]" is not ordinarily possible in % LaTeX2e). It also provides a command: %\fnbelowfloat % to enable the placement of footnotes beneath bottom floats (the standard % LaTeX2e kernel puts them in a higher place bottom floats). This is an invasive packet % which rewrites many portions of the LaTeX2e float routines. Information technology may not piece of work % with other packages that modify the LaTeX2e float routines. The latest % version and documentation can exist obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/sttools/ % Documentation is contained in the stfloats.sty comments as well as in the % presfull.pdf file. Practice not utilize the stfloats baselinefloat ability equally IAENG % does not allow \baselineskip to stretch. Authors submitting work to the % IAENG should note that IAENG rarely uses double cavalcade equations and % that authors should endeavor to avert such employ. Do not be tempted to utilize the % cuted.sty or midfloat.sty packages (as well by Sigitas Tolusis) equally IAENG does % not format its papers in such ways.

%\ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff % \usepackage[nomarkers]{endfloat} % \let\MYoriglatexcaption\caption % \renewcommand{\explanation}[two][\relax]{\MYoriglatexcaption[#two]{#2}} %\fi % endfloat.sty was written by James Darrell McCauley and Jeff Goldberg. % This package may be useful when used in conjunction with IAENGtran.cls' % captionsoff pick. Some IAENG journals/societies crave that submissions % accept lists of figures/tables at the finish of the paper and that % figures/tables without any captions are placed on a page by themselves at % the stop of the document. If needed, the draftcls IAENGtran course option or % \CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch interface can be used to increase the line % spacing also. Exist certain and use the nomarkers pick of endfloat to % forbid endfloat from "marking" where the figures would have been placed % in the text. The two hack lines of lawmaking above are a slight modification of % that suggested by in the endfloat docs (section 8.3.1) to ensure that % the full captions always appear in the list of figures/tables - even if % the user used the short optional argument of \caption[]{}. % IAENG papers practise not typically make use of \caption[]'s optional argument, % then this should not exist an issue. A like fox tin exist used to disable % captions of packages such as subfig.sty that lack options to plough off % the subcaptions: % For subfig.sty: % \let\MYorigsubfloat\subfloat % \renewcommand{\subfloat}[2][\relax]{\MYorigsubfloat[]{#ii}} % For subfigure.sty: % \allow\MYorigsubfigure\subfigure % \renewcommand{\subfigure}[2][\relax]{\MYorigsubfigure[]{#2}} % However, the to a higher place fob will not work if both optional arguments of % the \subfloat/subfig command are used. Furthermore, there needs to be a % clarification of each subfigure somewhere and endfloat does not add % subfigure captions to its list of figures. Thus, the best arroyo is to % avoid the use of subfigure captions (many IAENG journals avoid them anyway) % and instead reference/explicate all the subfigures inside the chief caption. % The latest version of endfloat.sty and its documentation can obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/endfloat/ % % The IAENGtran \ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff conditional tin can also exist used % later in the document, say, to conditionally put the References on a % folio by themselves.

% * PDF, URL AND HYPERLINK PACKAGES * % %\usepackage{url} % url.sty was written by Donald Arseneau. Information technology provides better support for % handling and breaking URLs. url.sty is already installed on most LaTeX % systems. The latest version can be obtained at: % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc/ % Read the url.sty source comments for usage information. Basically, % \url{my_url_here}.

% * Exercise not adjust lengths that control margins, cavalcade widths, etc. * % * Do not use packages that change fonts (such equally pslatex). * % There should be no demand to do such things with IAENGtran.cls V1.half dozen and later. % (Unless specifically asked to practise and so by the periodical or briefing you plan % to submit to, of course. )

% right bad hyphenation hither % \hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}

33.four reference

34 IAENG journal style

34.1 Appendix

if take a unmarried appendix: \appendix[Proof of the Zonklar Equations] or \appendix for no appendix heading

do non use \section anymore after \appendix, just \section* is possibly needed

use appendices with more than one appendix so use \department to outset each appendix you must declare a \section before using any \subsection or using \label (\appendices by itself starts a section numbered zero.)

34.two table

An example of a floating tabular array. Annotation that, for IAENG style tables, the \caption command should come BEFORE the table. Table text will default to % \footnotesize every bit IAENG normally uses this smaller font for tables. % The \label must come later on \caption equally always. % %\brainstorm{tabular array}[!t] %% increase table row spacing, suit to gustation %\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{one.iii} % if using array.sty, it might be a skilful idea to tweak the value of % \extrarowheight as needed to properly centre the text within the cells %\caption{An Instance of a Table} %\label{table_example} %\centering %% Some packages, such as MDW tools, offering better commands for making tables %% than the evidently LaTeX2e tabular which is used here. %\begin{tabular}{|c||c||c|} %\hline %I & Ii & Five
%\hline %Two & Four & X
%\hline %\end{tabular} %\end{table}

34.ii.1 example

\brainstorm{table}[!t] \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{ane.iii} \caption{An Example of a Tabular array} \characterization{table_example} \centering \brainstorm{tabular}{|c||c||c|} % horizontal line \hline One & Two & Five\\ \hline Ii & Iv & Ten\\ \hline \end{tabular} \cease{table}

34.three Float packages

\usepackage{fixltx2e}

fixltx2e, the successor to the before fix2col.sty, was written by Frank Mittelbach and David Carlisle. This package corrects a few issues in the LaTeX2e kernel, the most notable of which is that in current LaTeX2e releases, the ordering of unmarried and double column floats is not guaranteed to exist preserved. Thus, an unpatched LaTeX2e can permit a single cavalcade effigy to exist placed prior to an earlier double column figure. The latest version and documentation can be plant at: http://www.ctan.org/tex-annal/macros/latex/base of operations/

34.iv subfigures: 1 on height of another

increment the widths of the graphs, one\textwidth
use subcaption package rather than subfigure

eastward.thou. \usepackage{subcaption}

\brainstorm{effigy}[h] \centering \begin{subfigure}{0.v \textwidth} \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig/2r_tsr55_e387} \explanation{} \label{fig:Ng1} \end{subfigure} \begin{subfigure}{0.5 \textwidth} \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig/5r_tsr55_e387} \explanation{} \label{fig:Ng2} \end{subfigure} \end{figure}

34.v Packages

34.5.1 subfigure, subfig

subfigure.sty has been superceeded by subfig.sty.

This bundle makes it easy to put subfigures in your figures. e.thousand., "Figure 1a and 1b". For IAENG work, it is a skilful idea to load it with the tight package selection to reduce the corporeality of white infinite effectually the subfigures.

The latest version and documentation can exist obtained at: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/obsolete/macros/latex/contrib/subfigure/

subfig.sty is the mod replacement for subfigure.sty.

\usepackage[caption=false]{caption} \usepackage[font=footnotesize]{subfig}

However, subfig.sty requires and automatically loads Axel Sommerfeldt's caption.sty which will override IAENGtran.cls handling of captions and this will result in nonIAENG style effigy/tabular array captions.

To prevent this problem, be certain and preload explanation.sty with its "caption=false" parcel option. This is will preserve IAENGtran.cls handing of captions. Version 1.3 (2005/06/28) and later (recommended due to many improvements over 1.2) of subfig.sty supports the caption=false option directly:

\usepackage[caption=false,font=footnotesize]{subfig}

The latest version and documentation tin be obtained at: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/subfig/ The latest version and documentation of caption.sty can be obtained at: http://world wide web.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/caption/

35 Reference

carrollmostion.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.cnblogs.com/code-saturne/p/10565151.html